APA
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Alkasabrah, O. Y., Ibrahim, S., Hafeez, A., Umar, T. P., Takawy, M., & Sharma, T. (2026). Comparative outcomes and characteristics of biliary, alcoholic and drug-induced pancreatitis based on the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021). Annals of Gastroenterology : Quarterly Publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.
Chicago/Turabian
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Alkasabrah, Omar Y., Sameeha Ibrahim, Abdullah Hafeez, Tungki Pratama Umar, Marina Takawy, and Tanuj Sharma. “Comparative Outcomes and Characteristics of Biliary, Alcoholic and Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Based on the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021).” Annals of gastroenterology : quarterly publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology (2026).
MLA
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Alkasabrah, Omar Y., et al. “Comparative Outcomes and Characteristics of Biliary, Alcoholic and Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Based on the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021).” Annals of Gastroenterology : Quarterly Publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology, 2026.
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@article{omar2026a,
title = {Comparative outcomes and characteristics of biliary, alcoholic and drug-induced pancreatitis based on the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021)},
year = {2026},
journal = {Annals of gastroenterology : quarterly publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology},
author = {Alkasabrah, Omar Y. and Ibrahim, Sameeha and Hafeez, Abdullah and Umar, Tungki Pratama and Takawy, Marina and Sharma, Tanuj}
}
Abstract Background Pancreatitis outcomes vary significantly depending on etiology. We compared biliary, alcoholic and drug-induced pancreatitis, focusing on mortality, complications and healthcare resource utilization to inform etiology-specific management strategies. Methods A nationwide retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016-2021. Patients with biliary, alcoholic and drug-induced pancreatitis were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. Logistic regression models were used to compare mortality, complications and healthcare utilization, with biliary pancreatitis as the reference. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and regression coefficients were calculated. Results A total of 287,050 biliary, 451,730 alcoholic, and 27,465 drug-induced pancreatitis hospitalizations were identified. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were younger and predominantly male, while those with drug-induced pancreatitis had higher comorbidity burdens, including diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Mortality was higher in alcoholic pancreatitis (aOR 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.41; P=0.05), whereas drug-induced pancreatitis showed no significant difference. Alcoholic pancreatitis was associated with greater odds of pseudocyst formation (aOR 3.54, 95%CI 3.32-3.79), bleeding (aOR 1.52, 95%CI 1.41-1.63), and mechanical ventilation (aOR 2.06, 95%CI 1.84-2.31), all with P<0.001. In contrast, drug-induced pancreatitis was linked to lower odds of bleeding (aOR 0.69, 95%CI 0.57-0.84; P<0.001) and percutaneous drainage (aOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.09-0.63; P=0.004). Both alcoholic and drug-induced pancreatitis had shorter hospital stays and lower total charges compared with biliary pancreatitis. Conclusions Alcoholic pancreatitis is associated with higher mortality and complication rates, while drug-induced pancreatitis demonstrates fewer complications but greater comorbidity. These findings highlight the importance of etiology-based management in optimizing pancreatitis outcomes.